The format specifiers are used in C for input and output purposes. Using this concept the compiler can understand that what type of data is in a variable during taking input using the scanf() function and printing using printf() function. Here is a list of format specifiers.

These are the basic format specifiers. We can add some other parts with the format specifiers. These are like below −

• A minus symbol (-) sign tells left alignment

• A number after % specifies the minimum field width. If string is less than the width, it will be filled with spaces

• A period (.) is used to separate field width and precision

Example

Live Demo

#include <stdio.h>
main() {
   char ch = 'B';
   printf("%c<p>", ch); //printing character data
   //print decimal or integer data with d and i
   int x = 45, y = 90;
   printf("%d</p><p>", x);
   printf("%i</p><p>", y);
   float f = 12.67;
   printf("%f</p><p>", f); //print float value
   printf("%e</p><p>", f); //print in scientific notation
   int a = 67;
   printf("%o</p><p>", a); //print in octal format
   printf("%x</p><p>", a); //print in hex format
   char str[] = "Hello World";
   printf("%s</p><p>", str);
   printf("%20s</p><p>", str); //shift to the right 20 characters including the string
   printf("%-20s</p><p>", str); //left align
   printf("%20.5s</p><p>", str); //shift to the right 20 characters including the string, and print string up to 5 character
   printf("%-20.5s</p><p>", str); //left align and print string up to 5 character
}</p>

输出

B
45
90
12.670000
1.267000e+001
103
43
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello
Hello

我们可以以相同的方式使用这些格式说明符来使用scanf()函数。因此，我们可以像上面打印的那样从scanf()中获取输入。