本文介绍了如何构建 golang restful api。首先,通过导入必要的库、定义数据模型和创建路由来构建 restful api。其次,使用 go-chi/chigot 和 go-chi/chi/middleware 创建和应用中间件来进行身份验证。该文中进一步给出了一个实战案例示例,展示了解决方案的实际应用。
如何构建 Golang RESTful API,并使用中间件进行身份验证
1. 构建 RESTful API
导入必需的库:
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"<a style='color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;' href="https://www.php.cn/zt/15841.html" target="_blank">git</a>hub.com/gorilla/mux"
)
定义数据模型:
type Product struct {
ID int `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Price float64 `json:"price"`
}
创建路由:
router := mux.NewRouter()
router.HandleFunc("/products", GetProducts).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", GetProduct).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/products", CreateProduct).Methods("POST")
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", UpdateProduct).Methods("PUT")
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", DeleteProduct).Methods("DELETE")
定义控制器:
func GetProducts(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// ...
}
func GetProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// ...
}
func CreateProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// ...
}
func UpdateProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// ...
}
func DeleteProduct(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// ...
}
2. 使用中间件进行身份验证
安装中间件:
go get github.com/go-chi/chi
go get github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware
创建中间件:
func AuthMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// ... 检查认证信息 ...
if !authorized {
http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
return
}
// ... 继续处理请求 ...
next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
})
}
应用中间件:
router.Use(AuthMiddleware)
实战案例
示例:
func main() {
// 初始化数据库连接
db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "mydb.db")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 创建路由器
router := mux.NewRouter()
// 定义路由并应用身份验证中间件
router.HandleFunc("/products", GetProducts).Methods("GET").Use(AuthMiddleware)
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", GetProduct).Methods("GET").Use(AuthMiddleware)
router.HandleFunc("/products", CreateProduct).Methods("POST").Use(AuthMiddleware)
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", UpdateProduct).Methods("PUT").Use(AuthMiddleware)
router.HandleFunc("/products/{id}", DeleteProduct).Methods("DELETE").Use(AuthMiddleware)
// 启动服务器
http.Handle("/", router)
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}