函数重载在异常处理中发挥重要作用，允许为不同异常创建单独函数，提高代码可读性和可维护性：分解异常处理：将处理多个异常的函数分解为单独处理每个异常的函数。提高可读性：明确指定处理每个异常类型的函数，提高异常处理的可读性。增强可维护性：通过将异常处理逻辑分离到不同函数，增强代码的可维护性和调试便利性。

C++ 函数重载在异常处理中的作用

函数重载允许我们在 C++ 中使用相同名称但具有不同参数列表的多个函数。这种机制在异常处理中具有重要作用，因为它允许我们编写处理不同类型异常的函数，同时保持代码的可读性和可维护性。

Consider the following example where we have a function process() that may throw different types of exceptions:

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void process()
{
    try 
    {
        // Logic that may throw exceptions
    } 
    catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) 
    {
        // Handle invalid argument exception
    } 
    catch (const std::out_of_range& e) 
    {
        // Handle out of range exception
    } 
    catch (...) 
    {
        // Handle all other exceptions
    }
}

Using function overloading, we can split the process() function into multiple functions, each responsible for handling a specific type of exception:

void process_invalid_argument()
{
    try 
    {
        // Logic that may throw invalid_argument
    } 
    catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) 
    {
        // Handle invalid argument exception
    }
}

void process_out_of_range()
{
    try 
    {
        // Logic that may throw out_of_range
    } 
    catch (const std::out_of_range& e) 
    {
        // Handle out of range exception
    }
}

void process_remaining()
{
    try 
    {
        // Logic that may throw other exceptions
    } 
    catch (...) 
    {
        // Handle all other exceptions
    }
}

Now, we can call the appropriate function based on the expected type of exception:

int main() 
{
    // Can throw std::invalid_argument
    process_invalid_argument();
    
    // Can throw std::out_of_range
    process_out_of_range();
    
    // Can throw any type of exception
    process_remaining();
    
    return 0;
}

By using function overloading, we improve the readability and maintainability of our code as we can handle specific exceptions separately, making it easier to identify and fix issues.